RESUMEN
Case identification is an ongoing issue for the COVID-19 epidemic, in particular for outpatient care where physicians must decide which patients to prioritise for further testing. This paper reports tools to classify patients based on symptom profiles based on 236 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive cases and 564 controls, accounting for the time course of illness using generalised multivariate logistic regression. Significant symptoms included abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, fever, headache, muscle ache, runny nose, sore throat, temperature between 37.5 and 37.9 °C and temperature above 38 °C, but their importance varied by day of illness at assessment. With a high percentile threshold for specificity at 0.95, the baseline model had reasonable sensitivity at 0.67. To further evaluate accuracy of model predictions, leave-one-out cross-validation confirmed high classification accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92. For the baseline model, sensitivity decreased to 0.56. External validation datasets reported similar result. Our study provides a tool to discern COVID-19 patients from controls using symptoms and day from illness onset with good predictive performance. It could be considered as a framework to complement laboratory testing in order to differentiate COVID-19 from other patients presenting with acute symptoms in outpatient care.
Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria , Prueba de COVID-19/métodos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Dolor Abdominal/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Adulto , COVID-19/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Reglas de Decisión Clínica , Tos/fisiopatología , Diarrea/fisiopatología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Disnea/fisiopatología , Femenino , Fiebre/fisiopatología , Cefalea/fisiopatología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Mialgia/fisiopatología , Oportunidad Relativa , Selección de Paciente , Faringitis/fisiopatología , Rinorrea/fisiopatología , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying comorbidities, and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reported 62 pediatric patients (age <14 years) with confirmed COVID-19 between March 2 and July 1, 2020, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Comorbid conditions, including cardiac, neurological, respiratory, and malignant disorders, were reported in 9 patients (14.5%). The most prominent presenting complaints were fever (80.6%) and cough (48.4%). Most of our patients (80.6%) had mild disease, 11.3% had moderate disease, and 8.1% exhibited severe and critical illness. Twenty-one patients (33.9%) were hospitalized, with 4 patients (6.5%) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 3 (4.8%) patients died. CONCLUSION: All pediatric age groups are susceptible to COVID-19, with no gender difference. COVID-19 infection may result in critical illness and even mortality in subsets of pediatric patients.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/fisiopatología , Dolor Abdominal/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Asma/epidemiología , Atrofia , Encéfalo/patología , Bronquiolitis Obliterante/epidemiología , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Tos/fisiopatología , Diarrea/fisiopatología , Disnea/fisiopatología , Femenino , Fiebre/fisiopatología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/epidemiología , Lactante , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Masculino , Faringitis/fisiopatología , Respiración Artificial , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rinorrea/fisiopatología , SARS-CoV-2 , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Vómitos/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
We compared clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes of COVID-19 and influenza to identify unique features. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed-effect models to analyse the appropriateness of the pooled results. Overall, 540 articles included in this study; 75,164 cases of COVID-19 (157 studies), 113,818 influenza type A (251 studies) and 9266 influenza type B patients (47 studies) were included. Runny nose, dyspnoea, sore throat and rhinorrhoea were less frequent symptoms in COVID-19 cases (14%, 15%, 11.5% and 9.5%, respectively) in comparison to influenza type A (70%, 45.5%, 49% and 44.5%, respectively) and type B (74%, 33%, 38% and 49%, respectively). Most of the patients with COVID-19 had abnormal chest radiology (84%, p < 0.001) in comparison to influenza type A (57%, p < 0.001) and B (33%, p < 0.001). The incubation period in COVID-19 (6.4 days estimated) was longer than influenza type A (3.4 days). Likewise, the duration of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients (14 days) was longer than influenza type A (6.5 days) and influenza type B (6.7 days). Case fatality rate of hospitalized patients in COVID-19 (6.5%, p < 0.001), influenza type A (6%, p < 0.001) and influenza type B was 3%(p < 0.001). The results showed that COVID-19 and influenza had many differences in clinical manifestations and radiographic findings. Due to the lack of effective medication or vaccine for COVID-19, timely detection of this viral infection and distinguishing from influenza are very important.